Depok, June 25, 2025 — The complex social conflict in Maluku following the 1999 unrest has highlighted the need for a new approach that goes beyond conventional security strategies. In his dissertation, a doctoral graduate of the Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Universitas Indonesia (FIA UI), proposed an innovative conflict resolution model that integrates transformational leadership and social entrepreneurship. This design has been implemented through the “Green Gold” (agribusiness) and “Blue Gold” (maritime) programs, which later evolved into the “White Gold” concept — a paradigm for sustainable peace in the Pattimura Regional Military Command, formerly known as Kodam XVI/Pattimura, now Kodam XV/Pattimura.

In his dissertation, Dr. Muhammad Hasyim Lalhakim found that social entrepreneurship significantly de-escalated conflict by creating shared economic value, while transformational leadership had limited effectiveness in resolving structural conflicts in Maluku. Additionally, the concept of the Social Weapon System (Sissos) successfully bridged security and welfare efforts by institutionalizing local wisdom such as the customary Sasi law, which fosters communal ownership. The “White Gold” model developed by Kodam Pattimura integrates Environmental Peacebuilding Theory with Social Identity Theory, fostering the identity of “Maluku ecosystem guardians” that transcends religious affiliations.

“This approach adopts a gradual strategy, starting with conflict and ecological potential mapping, followed by joint training of conflicting groups, and culminating in institutional strengthening through the establishment of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) or Foundations with collective share ownership. The entire process is firmly rooted in local wisdom and reflects the cultural sensitivity of the Indonesian military (TNI), in line with the Eight Obligations of the TNI,” explained Dr. Hasyim.

Despite facing challenges such as perceptions of military encroachment into the civilian sphere, Kodam Pattimura anticipated these risks through accountable transparency, decentralized ownership of productive assets, and multi-stakeholder evaluations using the Environmental Peacebuilding Index (EPI). Overall, this dissertation makes a significant contribution to administrative science by offering a contextual, evidence-based conflict resolution framework for post-conflict communities in Indonesia. Its theoretical implications reconstruct the three main pillars of conflict resolution studies, positioning social entrepreneurship as a catalyst for peace and proposing an integrative protocol for soft systems analysis in communal conflict dynamics.

“In terms of policy, this study recommends a paradigm shift through three strategic agendas: optimizing social entrepreneurship and creativity based on local potential, designing preventive economic interventions, and institutionalizing the Sissos Model into regional planning with special budget allocations,” concluded Dr. Hasyim.

The doctoral defense was chaired by Prof. Dr. Teguh Kurniawan, M.Sc., with Prof. Bernardus Yuliarto Nugroho, MSM, Ph.D., as the main supervisor, Dr. Rachma Fitriati, M.Si (Han)., as co-supervisor, and included a panel of examiners consisting of Prof. Dr. Anwar Kurniadi, S.Kp., M.Kep., Prof. Dr. Johny Chr. Ruhulessin, M.Si., Dr. Abidin Wakano, M.Ag., Prof. Dr. Dra. Retno Kusumastuti Hardjono, M.Si., and Dr. Eko Sakapurnama, MBA.